In 2020, like many industries, wine experienced exponential online sales growth in large part because of the global pandemic. Closures led wine producers and retailers, and even restaurants, to go digital—embracing ecommerce as a viable solution to get products to customers. Even in the case of retail bottle shops and restaurants, buyers could select their products online and pick them up in-store or curbside for maximum flexibility of shopping.
Alcohol sales grew to $6 billion in 2021, according to an industry report by Rabobank. That 131% growth from $2.6 billion in 2019 is remarkable. In this two-year period, sales for alcohol online jumped up to 4%, whereas before it was nearly 2%. With wine, more was ordered online by the end of the year than anything another year, according to a Forbes report.
This trend was already on the move before closures forced new selling options. Millennials —and even Gen Z—are very into wine, turning a dated hobby and dining experience for older generations into something far more accessible and part of their own repertoire. Because this demographic is driving the direct-to-consumer (DTC) conversation, there’s a synergy between the external forces (global pandemic) and the market trajectory of convenience, belonging, and personalization. Ecommerce increasingly positions itself as an important solution to capture new customers and remain as a retention pathway.
Here, we’ll explore why wine is the next DTC trend, surpassing temporary pandemic growth, by explaining its past and current DTC industry landscape, and some of the tricky limitations like compliance and taxes. Finally, we’ll unpack some of the key strategies for success to bring the wine industry forward into the future of shopping.
While the pandemic crystalized the forward-thinking vision of getting products to customers safely, and with relative ease, the truth is that, for the wine industry, buyers already were part of a direct-to-consumer model.
For wine producers around the world, selling products in their tasting rooms at wineries is a key channel for direct profit. Visitors could, after their tour of the winery and the specificity of that producer’s offerings (and a tasting), grab a couple of bottles from the shop to take home with them. To take it a step further, many wineries and producers offer wine club subscriptions: a selection of bottles sent to the homes of customers each month. Wine clubs are a great system for repeatable revenue but there are also the added mutual incentives of customer engagement, loyalty, and even customer rewards for being part of this exclusive club. In packs or cases of three or six or even a dozen, through this system, wine producers are able to keep a direct line to their buyers.
Even though wine products have a direct connection to their local consumer base, there is still a long history of wine being sold through third-party intermediaries. Sales are often mitigated through agencies, restaurants, and wine retailers like bottle shops or liquor stores. Often in these spaces, wine is marked up to account for the cost of shipping, taxes, and any other fees needed, as well as taking into account the profit the actual retailer needs. It’s not a perfect system but, because of the location of many wineries around the world that account for environment and growth rather than accessibility, these avenues for sales have been crucial to getting in front of potential buyers and new audiences. It’s not as direct of a connection as purchasing your favorite bottle from your favorite winery but there is at least the chance for repeat buyers, and certainly new, untapped ones.
At the earliest stages of the global pandemic, over two years ago, many restaurants that relied on selling wine by the bottle for their own sales needs had to adapt. With closures and an unexpected timeline of return, restaurant owners and managers brought out their curated offerings for sale. It proved to be a worthwhile endeavor; allowing for an infusion of money into local economies while helping keep restaurants afloat. Bottle shops permanently opened in restaurant spaces. Even offshoot bottle shops, with an ecommerce focus already— like Boston’s The Urban Grape, Vermont’s Dedalus, or San Francisco’s Flatiron Wine and Spirits—found success during the pandemic. This isn’t a unique story of going from online to offline but because of the way in which online, specifically through a unique social media presence could foster community, a physical spot for retailers made sense.
There are a number of factors, of course, the pandemic included, that have led us to this place where, perhaps, shopping habits for wine buyers changed for the better. Retailer and producer options are abundant; convenience can be a priority; insights from sommeliers and seasoned wine enthusiasts are more readily available than ever through digital means.
There is no “going back” to how wine was sold before.
Wineries have relied on the whimsy their business can provide to buyers. Vineyards are inherently beautiful pieces of land; rows of vines dotted with rose bushes to fend off insects settling on grapes. Acres of land has become both a place of refuge and relaxation: people love to visit wineries as a means of getting out of the city for a while, reconnecting with the earth, or even participating and being privy to the process of how their wine is made. Wineries, across the world, aren’t discerning in their demographic: for those who appreciate this realm of beauty, a vineyard is a perfect destination. There is a myriad of buying options for wine fans. The tasting room as an exclusive sales route was shaken by the pandemic, forcing producers to think of new ways to sell their inventories of wine. But it has also forced this industry to understand that new strategies deserve a more permanent spot in their selling rotation. DTC ecommerce is an intuitive evolution of this process: instead of going directly to the winery for a bottle, the winery becomes their website and buyers can select what they want, when, and how many. Buyers can, if not exactly replicate the experience of visiting their favorite winery, enjoy in the comfort of their own home both the wine and the memory.
Adding DTC ecommerce to the mix for wine producers of any scale is smart for both brand affinity, sales, and return customers. In 2020, the value of DTC wine shipments in the U.S. reached nearly $4 billion, according to Statista. It’s hard to overstate the sheer importance of this industry coming online. From the Silicon Valley State of Wine Report, online sales from wineries to customers was nearly 10%, but the more striking news is that in 2021 with vaccinations and spaces opening up to the public across the country, a winery’s online sales only lowered to 9.1%.
Generationally, even though reducing buyers to just this segment isn’t always helpful to them, millennials and Gen Z, especially when they come of legal drinking age, gravitate toward technologically-based buying solutions. Reports vary on how crucial this group is: either they are going to save the wine industry or they are not. And while buying trends like this do fluctuate, at the core of every millennial or Gen Z buyer is the innate act that they can get anything they want at their fingertips via their phones.
Younger buyers enjoy diversity in their wine experiences. It may begin with a glass at a restaurant or a local wine bar but it spins out into going away to wineries for a weekend and purchasing a number of bottles at different locations or ordering directly from a favorite winery that can deliver straight to their home. Sometimes, buyers simply grab what’s available at their neighborhood liquor or wine store. Because this demographic is more concerned with crafting an experience they want, more purchasing options must be available to them.
When it comes to DTC, millennials are the current driving force behind those brands, according to Retail Dive. DTC brands have been exploding in the market, giving way for buyer personalization and community, as well as a directness for buyers to know exactly where and who their money is going toward. Post-pandemic, nearly 71% of those in the report said they would support online and offline shopping. This group—approximately ages 25-34— has both experienced the world with and without technology. Their adoption of brand-specific apps for purchasing or buy now, pay later installments, as a couple of examples, is making any company think about how to keep this buyer engaged long term. This won’t stop as they begin to age: as technology leans hard into the metaverse or AR/VR, while DTC likely evolves beyond its current capabilities, new sales strategies will be crucial to adhere to their needs, and the needs of the tech-first buying generations to come.
Coming online takes more than a website set-up. It’s important to be mindful of what needs to be done before (and during) to get a product to customers. This will make for a smooth buying experience for both customer and seller, which is the first step. It’s not enough anymore to simply be online but to have a great online experience from the first visit piquing interest through to checkout. In every area, a brand needs to stand out.
Here are a few considerations to focus on first:
A vital part of wine selling, especially in the United States, is cross-state compliance rules and taxes. For American wine producers, selling wine online comes with a few big-time limitations. Prohibition and post-Prohibition era laws are still in effect in some parts of the country (“wet counties” and “dry counties,” as it were, and the Three-Tier System.) At the state level, the majority of states can sell directly to their customers in other states, except Utah and Mississippi, which prohibits DTC entirely. There are other tricky caveats, such as New Jersey limiting the wineries that are eligible for selling permits, and some of Florida’s dry counties where products just cannot be sent.
This means it’s crucial to check if selling direct-to-consumer is licensed by the destination state before sending it out. Building that into the sales process online will help.
Because the Three-Tier system is complicated, it’s important to understand which taxes are incurred during the process and where, and which ones consumers may absorb.
There are four main taxes in the U.S.:
Some other considerations include:
These become barriers to entry in the industry without clear solutions and strategies. For DTC wine sellers, an intuitive system to solve for different sales taxes for different states and regions, even down to counties and streets, is crucial to minimize mental load and maximize customer reach.
The pathway for bringing such an old, important industry online already started before the pandemic, but the acceleration of convenience, speed, and an enjoyable buying experience is what’s going to keep people coming back.
That said, here are some key ways to keep the integrity of the industry while online:
Selling wine online to buyers outside of the club or subscription model straight from the winery is a key way to participate in the future of ecommerce and maintain a strong customer relationship. The potential complexities of selling online shouldn’t deter a brand or retailer from adopting this technologically savvy, flexible avenue for their buyers.
